pope alexander ii

He desecrated the Holy Church as none before. He was only the second pope in history to choose the name Alexander, which became popular later.

Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... In a ceremony strikingly similar in many ways to today's ritual opening of a holy door, Alexander was carried in the gestatorial chair to the portico of St. Peter's. As bishop of Lucca, Anselm worked for the abolition of simony and the enforcement of clerical celibacy. As for the cardinals, who were to be drawn from all the nations, none should possess more than one bishopric; their households were limited to eighty people and thirty horses; they were banned from hunting, theaters, carnivals, and tournaments; and their funeral expenses were not to exceed 1,500 ducats. On the While the enterprising explorers of Spain imposed a form of slavery called "A danger now arose in the shape of a conspiracy by the deposed despots, the Orsini, and of some of Cesare's own The war between France and Spain for the possession of Naples dragged on, and the Pope was forever intriguing, ready to ally himself with whichever power promised the most advantageous terms at any moment. Faith alone brings consolation from a far-off country. Similar rites were held at the other patriarchal basilicas.

Planned reforms included new rules on the sale of Church property, the limiting of cardinals to one bishopric, and stricter moral codes for clergy.Alexander VI was known for his patronage of the arts, and in his days a new architectural era was initiated in Rome with the coming of In addition to the arts, Alexander VI also encouraged the development of education. Of the twenty-seven cardinals alive in the closing months of the reign of Innocent VIII no fewer than ten were In contrast to the preceding pontificate, Pope Alexander VI adhered initially to strict administration of justice and orderly government.

The pope was banned from selling benefices and from transferring Church property to laypersons. ""The permanent group of skilled workers and artisans, in every trade, who with their assistants take care of St. Peter's Basilica.

His election as Pope Alexander II was

It is admitted even by his enemies that he was a protector and promoter of literature and the sciences. ""Under Alexander VI, the taste for theatrical representations made great progress.

Some, including Christopher Hibbert, recognize up to six more: Girolama (or Jeronima), Isabella, "Alexander was a jovial, far-sighted, moderate man, well-balanced in mind and body. At Bec in Normandy he studied under the Benedictine scholar Lanfranc, who later became archbishop of Canterbury.

"Rodrigo de Borja" redirects here.

In the north of the peninsula, many small principalities vied for dominance and were often at war with one another, changing alliances as rapidly as opportunity invited. He offered to help Louis XII on condition that Of Alexander's many mistresses the one for whom passion lasted longest was Before his elevation to the papacy, Cardinal Borgia's passion for Vannozza somewhat diminished, and she subsequently led a very retired life.

Through the intervention of the Spanish ambassador he made peace with Naples in July 1493 and cemented the peace by a marriage between his son Gioffre and On 25 January 1494, Ferdinand I died and was succeeded by his son A reaction against Charles VIII soon set in, for all the European powers were alarmed at his success. The Pope knocked thrice on the door, it gave way (assisted from within by workers), and everyone then crossed the threshold to enter into a period of penance and reconciliation. Pope Alexander II (born Anselmo da Baggio; ??? Pope Alexander VI made many alliances to secure his position. The Borgia Apartments remained sealed until the 19th century. Birthplace: Baggio, Italy Location of death: Rome, Italy Cause of death: unspecified. For this occasion, Pope Alexander had a new opening created in the portico of St. Peter's and commissioned a door, made of marble, 3.5 meters high and 2.2 wide. From that time on, Alexander was able to build himself an effective power base in the Papal States.

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