While his religious Alexander VI now followed the general tendency of all the princes of the day to crush the great feudatories and establish a centralised despotism.
We have to admit that this pontificate does no honor to the Church. ""[A]ll the clergy of the city were invited to the opening of the [1500] Jubilee.
Pope Alexander VI died in 1503 after a mysterious disease caused his body to bloat and become discolored. As for the cardinals, who were to be drawn from all the nations, none should possess more than one bishopric; their households were limited to eighty people and thirty horses; they were banned from hunting, theaters, carnivals, and tournaments; and their funeral expenses were not to exceed 1,500 ducats. They were given the option to accept the authority of the Pope and Spanish crown or face being attacked and subjugated.
Thus, Pope Alexander, a lover of pomp and ceremony, formalized the rite of opening a holy door and began a tradition that continues, with few variations, to this day.
""In consequence of the simultaneous illness of both the Pope and his son, and the rapid decomposition of the body, which, considering the heat of the weather, was perfectly natural, the cry of poison was raised at once; but on 19 August the Mantuan Envoy writes that there was no sort of ground for supposing this.
His goods were confiscated, his aged mother turned into the street and many other members of the clan in Rome were arrested, while Alexander's son Goffredo Borgia led an expedition into the Campagna and seized their castles.
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Soon, however, he started to bestow lands, power, and wealth to his relatives. At first the papal troops were defeated and things looked bleak for the house of Borgia. Alexander VI, original Spanish name in full Rodrigo de Borja y Doms, Italian Rodrigo Borgia, (born 1431, Játiva, near Valencia [Spain]—died August 18, 1503, Rome), corrupt, worldly, and ambitious pope (1492–1503), whose neglect of the spiritual inheritance of the church contributed to the development of the Protestant Reformation. One of his prominent descendants is Dr. Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, former president of Ecuador. Staff editor for Patrology,
He was not too worried for, as Burchard says, Alexander jumped to the conclusion that his son had spent the night with some girl and preferred to avoid the indiscretion of leaving by day ... Juan was a dissolute young man and not a churchman, yet Alexander presumed on a discretion more in keeping with later times.Alexander, overwhelmed with grief, shut himself up in It is often alleged, even by some historians, that Alexander and his son, Cesare, poisoned Cardinal The debased state of the curia was a major scandal. Italy was, politically, in a worse state than Spain.
Through the intervention of the Spanish ambassador he made peace with Naples in July 1493 and cemented the peace by a marriage between his son Gioffre and On 25 January 1494, Ferdinand I died and was succeeded by his son A reaction against Charles VIII soon set in, for all the European powers were alarmed at his success. On August 11, 1492, at 61 years of age, Rodrigo was elevated as Pope Alexander VI. Alexander issued two papal bulls regarding the child, first claiming him as Cesare’s son, then as his own.Lucrezia was suspected of bearing the child with a stable boy named Pedro Calderon, who then turned up dead near the river by the family estate.
"The Papal Division of the World and its Consequences" in Alexis Celadoni (Alexius Celadonius, Celadeni, 1451–1517), Bishop of Gallipoli, Italy (1494–1508),
In order to dominate the Sacred College of Cardinals more completely, Alexander, in a move that created much scandal, created 12 new cardinals.
Alexander VI was known for his patronage of the arts, and in his days a new architectural era was initiated in Rome with the coming of Bramante.
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